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The Christophers
By Msgr. James P. Lisante
| Going
To Church
I was heading over to church one
Sunday morning to help with Communion. When I got to the sacristy, I realized that the
priest celebrating Mass was just completing his homily. So I decided to take a step
outside to enjoy the pleasant weather.
As I went out a side
door I bumped into two sheepish teenage guys who were leaving. They clutched in their
hands copies of the parish bulletin: parental notification of the fact that they had been
to church. "Busy day?" I asked them. "No," said the older boy,
"we're just bored." They mumbled good-bye and took off.
Watching the two of them
retreat, I started thinking about some of my own friendships over the years - and the
elements that make those relationships work. It certainly isn't excitement: friends
sometimes bore each other. It isn't intellectual: sometimes our conversations are dull
beyond belief. It isn't the richness of our personalities: we can be annoying, obnoxious
and difficult to be around. It isn't power or money: we haven't got much. In fact, it's
less a "feeling" of friendship than a commitment to be friends: our desire to be
loyal and our decision to be there for each other.
And friendship, I
think, is at the heart of our spiritual lives, too. Sometimes going to church can be
boring, dull and intellectually vacant. And if we're expecting exciting entertainment, we
will surely be disappointed. Rather, we are there because our friend God has invited us to
be there. If we are true friends, we take that invitation seriously. That means we reject
all the nonsense we use as excuses for staying away, like:
"I'm really
busy." There are 168 hours in every week. We somehow find the time to eat, to sleep,
to go to school or work, to play sports or pursue hobbies, to be with people we care
about, to take care of a great number of personal obligations and preferences. In fact, we
find the time for everything we really believe is important. If our God and his people are
important to us, we will also make the time to be there.
But the sermons are so
boring." Give me a break. If we switched off everyone and everything that's boring in
life, we would stay home in bed. Assume the speaker is trying hard. Shouldn't we try to
listen? And more to the point: we are not just there for the homily. We go to be part of a
community that needs us. We go to get closer to God, who never bores us or gives up on us.
"I can find God
in many places. I don't need a church to pray." That's true. But let's be honest: if
we don't go to church, how much serious praying do we really do? And further, where else
can you go to receive Communion? Are they giving it out someplace else? More importantly,
Jesus told us in no uncertain terms: I want you to gather with
other believers to celebrate my life.
"I used to go,
but I had a really bad experience at church." We have all had some bad experience at
church. But again, let's compare our experience of God's friendship with the rest of our
lives. If every time we had a poor experience with our parents, siblings or friends, we
said, "That's it, this relationship's over," we would have none at all. But we
keep working at relationships that matter. We forgive, we compromise and we try to love
again.
If we give the same
energy to our love of God and his people as we give to our friends and family, maybe we
would find that the boredom that put us off wasn't really inside the church, but inside
us. And that's something we can change if we are willing. After all, it's for a friend.
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Tolerance for today - and tomorrow
The
far-reaching impact of The Christophers, as a truly ecumenical movement which speaks to
people of all faiths and of no particular faith, came home to me recently. I received a
telling letter from a now retired State Supreme Court Justice. The jurge's parents taught
him to be suspicious of religions other than his own. And Catholics were at the top of the
list of prominent faiths to be avoided.
As the judge matured he
began to wonder about his perceived enemies. He even dared to wonder if it's possible that
we're all children of the same God. Could it be, he asked, that even though we come to the
reality of a higher being from different perspectives, our final destination is the same?
This musing put him in direct conflict with the biased attitudes he had learned as a
child.
Then one day, listening to
the radio, the judge heard the compelling message of an articulate priest. His name was
Fr. James Keller, and he had founded an organization called The Christophers. Fr. Keller
spoke of the importance of all religious faith. He encouraged us to see in the different
beliefs and practices of other faiths not a threat, but a sign of hope. God makes us all
different and that's part of the eternal wonder of his creation. The differences of
approach give testimony to the universal importance of humankind's search for meaning and
for God.
The judge wrote me that in
those few moments of listening to Fr. Keller on the radio so many years ago, his view of
others began to change. He had never known a priest, and certainly never imagined that he
would ever hear one say that his way to God was a path that should be worthy of respect,
appreciation, even delight for other people. With that affirmation, the judge embarked on
a new recognition of the value and dignity of every religious search. He even came
to see that each human being, including nonbelievers and those who struggle to believe,
are worthy of esteem. And it all began with the words of one priest who dared to affirm
our shared search for God.
There is value in this
journey toward divine truth. When you look at our often divided and conflicted world and
see that too often people use religion as an excuse for prejudice, cruelty and even war,
it's wonderful to remember the hopeful message of Fr. James Keller. It's a much-needed
message that must be interpreted anew for each generation. As Pope John Paul 11 has warned
us more recently, "To do harm, to promote violence and conflict, in the name of
religion is a terrible contradiction and offense against God."
There are many reasons I
love working for The Christophers. Among its greatest strength as an instrument for God's
goodness is its work of bridge-building, through which it encourages all people of good
will to develop mutual respect for the myriad ways men and women come to believe. Imagine,
if we all lit candles in the midst of the darkness, how bright, tolerant and respectful
our world could be.
One of Fr.
Keller's first books was called You Can
Change the World - a great title because it
summed up his positive attitude. Here is a quote for your consideration: "Love one
another. Hold fast to that whether you understand one another or not. And remember nothing
really matters except loving God and others over the whole world as far as you can
reach."
Thanks, judge, for that
letter, and for telling us how you came to open your heart and extend your reach.
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|
Thank you for asking
In the twenty years I've been a priest,
I've spent a lot of time sitting and listening to people. In fact, listening is probably
the activity ministers of all faiths do most. Now, some people would balk at the notion of
listening as an activity. After all, it sounds pretty passive. You're not physically
exerting yourself. It's not manual labor. But it is, nonetheless, a real activity. True
listening involves an active disposition, it requires an lively intellect and must always
be accompanied by the ability to hear beyond the "audio," taking in the fuller
meaning of both the words spoken and the words that aren't.
One expert suggested that
pastoral counseling (that's what they call what we do), involves listening with a
combination of heart, mind and soul: the heart to have true compassion or empathy for the
person sitting before you, the mind to know how to direct the person to a safer harbor,
and the soul to acknowledge that God works through everyone, even those most resistant to
His plan.
There are two types of
approach counselors use. The image of the more passive counselor is the popular notion
from television and the movies of someone taking notes either on paper or mentally, but
saying very little. This is the quiet listener who hopes that just giving the person a
chance to speak will lead to a solution. And, in fact, sometimes that does happen. People
who are bottled up are often helped just by having the chance to articulate their
struggles and choices. Others require more active or direct counseling. They need to be
helped to focus and decide on a course of action or behavior. As a pastoral counselor, I
probably fall into this category. I think that people are looking for us to tell them what
we dunk. They may not agree with us. They may not think much of the advice, but many do
want reaction. They want to know what we make of the story they've just shared.
People who come to
counseling are generally honing in on a problem they face. And that sometimes finds them
pretty self-absorbed. Understandably, folks come because of personal pain, stress or
confusion. Once in a while, though,
something interesting happens -just as it did very recently, during the
visit of a man I'll call Steven. Steven came to me with a host of family and personal
problems. Frankly, they were heartbreaking to hear. It's going to take a lot of time for
him to resolve his many crises. But then, in the midst of his sad story, Steven did
something that others rarely do. He stopped talking about himself and his problems. He
looked at me directly and asked: "Sorry for all this talk about me and my problems. I
know you've had a rough year, what with the loss of your closest friend to cancer. Father
Jim, how are you doing?"
I think I was more taken
aback by the fact that he cared dm by the particular question. I gave a fairly ordinary
answer, then added with great sincerity, "but thank you, Steve, for bothering to
ask."
Everyone wants to be heard.
Listening is a gift we share with others. Listening well is a grace for people in pain.
Knowing that someone cares can be communicated in many ways: through touch, through
physical assistance and, importantly, by the quality of our ability to hear with
compassion. Sometimes we take these goodhearted listeners for granted. Since they've
always "lent us an an ear" presume they always will. And maybe that's so. But as
a professional in the listening business I need to tell you - it's great to be heard too.
It's wonderful to have someone who stops long enough to ask: "How are you
doing?"
Take the time to speak
honestly. But remember to take your turn and listen, too.
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| George
Washington's happy nation
The foremost
name in the history of the United States will always be that of George Washington. For
generation after generation, Washington has stayed a constant, not merely the hero of the
American Revolution and the father of a new nation but also the man who defined our
national character.
I At a time when so
many citizens, particularly the young, have grown weary, if not cynical, of those
associated with the Government and public service, Washington remains a guiding beacon and
inspiration.
Washington's sense of
character is best expressed in his Farewell Address of .1 796. At the a e of 64 and after
45 years of public service, he declined to run again as a candidate for the presidency.
Rather than limit his
announcement to a speech before Congress and government officials, he wrote it
specifically for publication and distribution through newspapers in the hopes of reaching
the American people directly. His farewell is regarded as his most famous written work.
Washington singled out the "increasing weight of years" as his reason for
retirement, then added, "Here, perhaps, I ought to stop." But he went on,
explaining that the occasion gave him the opportunity "to recommend to your frequent
review some sentiments which are the result of much reflection."
His concern
focused on the question as to whether the American people were capable of ruling
themselves. Repulsed by the spectacle of factionalism and party politics, he urged his
fellow citizens "to shape a common opinion that transcends self-interested
differences that divide" the nation.
To do this, Washington
stressed the need to strengthen the connection between morality and public happiness:
"Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, religion and
morality are indispensable supports. Reason and experience both forbid us to expect that
national morality can prevail in exclusion of religious principle, morality cannot be
maintained without religion."
Here was someone who
looked through the confusion of the moment and seeing the ethical issues involved, gave
voice to them. For him, the only way to sustain good government is by making individual
citizens aware of their moral obligation to create the conditions for "decent
politics." For those of us determined to restore character to our national life, the
wisdom of George Washington urges us to be more resolute about weaving our own moral and
spiritual fiber into the fabric of our democracy.
This year, our
national election provides yet another chance to express fidelity to our principles. We
could do no better than to consider a 1783 message from Washington which reminds us that
each of us has a responsibility to God and neighbor to endow our country with good
character, starting with our own:
"I now make it my
earnest prayer, that God would most graciously be pleased to dispose us all, to do
justice, to love mercy, and to demean ourselves with that charity, humility and
(peace-making) temper of mind, which were the characteristics of the divine author of our
blessed religion, and without a humble imitation of whose example in these things, we can
never hope to be a happy nation."
Could this be the
moment to create a national character of such honor and honesty as George Washington
suggested Rather than saying it's impossible, we could just start by saying a prayer. Then
we need only meet our own high standards to change ourselves and our country for the
better.
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| That special strength: Patience
Gloria
Chisholm writes in Parents of Teenagers about a trip to the grocery store with her two
teens who were battling nonstop. Her son had called his sister a dork and her daughter had
yelled at him to shut up "for the hundredth time." Gloria felt irritation
turning to anger. She had to get away to calm down.
She
ordered her son to go over by the carrots and her daughter to go over by the broccoli -
"NOW!" The writer herself ran over to the eggplants, where she "took ten
deep breaths and prayed like mad that God would help me stay in control enough not to
bounce every eggplant off some teenager's head."
The silent prayer and
minute's "time out" restored her self-control. Gloria didn't let herself scream,
"You stupid inconsiderate kids are driving me crazy!" Practicing patience enabled
her to restrain herself, rather than say things she knew she would regret.
When
we are angry, we may feel like we are ready to explode. We have to control that first
impulse long enough to let our good sense and our concern for others and ourselves step in
and say, "Hold it! You don't really want to do that."
The
late great theologian Bernard Haaring observed, "Patience with yourself and with
others are twins that should never be separated. Each one has to be understood as a share
of the unfathomable patience of God with us all, with me, and with you."
In his
Virtues of an Authentic Life, Haaring recalls a psychotherapist who sent one of his
patients to Haaring in the hope of lifting her spirits. After conversing a while, the
priest said, "May I ask you a question that I find embarrassing? Do you sometimes
slap yourself in the face, perhaps in front of a mirror?"
Astounded she asked, "Whatever made you come up with that question? I've never told
anyone about it before. When I get really impatient with myself, I sometimes go through
this ritual of self-punishment."
Haaring's solution for
the woman was to develop a grateful admiration for God's patience with us. "Imitate
his patience and realize that despite all our weaknesses he loves and treasures each one
of us."
St. Francis de Sales
put it similarly: "Be patient with everyone, but above all with yourself. I mean, do
not be disturbed because of your imperfections, and always rise up bravely after a
fall."
Sadly, lots of people
confuse patience with weakness, with being a doormat. Hardly. Being patient does not mean
putting up with everything without complaint. We often need to speak out. Patience is the
strength that lets us speak with courtesy and kindness instead of sarcasm and abuse, even
when we are angry.
Here are some
techniques for calming down when you are angry: Pray for the strength not to lash out.
Think about something else. Picture your favorite vacation spot. If possible, go out for a
little while. Work off tension by taking a brisk walk. And, oh yes, count to 1 0 - or I 00
- before you speak.
Lashing out does
nothing to solve problems. It just causes ill will. And the stress can hurt you. Calming
down first will help you speak in a more rational, constructive way with whomever made you
angry, so you can explain why certain behavior or words upset you, and what you think
needs to be done.
St. Teresa of Avila
urged: "Let nothing disturb you; let nothing dismay you; all things pass; God never
changes. Patience achieves everything. Whoever has God lacks nothing. God alone
suffices."
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| Your home can change the world
"Oprah!
I was just on her show and you'll never guess what happened!" The excited voice on my
answering machine was 16-year old Craig Kielburger who heads the Free The Children
movement, which fights child labor abuses around the world. He began the organization when
he was only 12 years old. Through my work at The Christophers, he and his family and I
have become good friends.
"During our interview she pledged $200,000 to our cause!" Craig roared.
"The show will air soon! Be sure to watch! Talk to you soon!"
When I
saw the program, I was in awe and moved to tears of joy. There was Craig in the company of
several other teenagers, who were sharing their stories of how they are making a profound
difference in our world through personal initiative. Each spoke of having an
inner-conviction that unless they responded in some way to their personal mission, others
might suffer unnecessarily.
Oprah
Winfrey asked each teen what it was that motivated them to get involved and make a
positive difference. Though each phrased it differently, in essence, what they all said
was: "It's the way I was brought up at home - my parents and their values."
Think about it: homes
have always been fertile fields for planting and nurturing faith and values for the bigger
world. Clearly the parents of these teens know this. But, too many moms and dads might be
surprised to know how often their offspring are disappointed in the lack of inspiration
given them.
A young teenager told
me recently that when she told her family that she wanted to go to college to become a
teacher, her mother and father advised her to prepare for a career where she could earn
more money.
This young woman's
interests, talents and values are leading her to help youngsters. She wants to make a
difference for good. And that is more important to her and her future than all the things
that money could buy,
Her parents and many
others think they are just being practical and that they only want "the best"
for their children. After all money matters. They are absolutely right. But it is no and
never will be everything. "The best" always has more to do with being and doing
than with having.
Young people should
expect guidance from their parents, not only in small things, but also in the big things
of life. Right from the sanctuary of their homes, parents influence the world by
encouraging their kids to get into the thick of things, to lead lives of purpose.
When I say sanctuary I
mean exactly that. No matter how chaotic everyday life may be, every family deserves and
needs a spiritual center for faith, hope, love and action.
Those teenagers on Oprah are shining examples of how youth bring into the public square
the goodness parents pass on to them from God. Because their parents started early to
develop 'their "love your neighbor" outlook, they may someday touch the lives of
countless persons.
To any pessimists who
are wringing their hands over the next generation, I say, "Stop worrying and get to
work." Every adult should be encouraging every youngster through words, and
especially, by example, to five the best, the most generous life possible.
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| Ordinary efforts make the ultimate difference
Racism. FBI
statistics show more then 7,800 hate crimes already this year. The Southern Poverty Law
Center of Alabama reports 474 organized hate groups in the United States, up 20 percent
from last year.
John
Hope Franklin, chairman of the advisory board for the President's Initiative on Race and
Reconciliation, admonishes, "Regardless of how it is expressed, racism stems from the
stereotypes that go unchallenged when Americans hold to the common belief that it's best
to ignore issues of race instead of openly exploring them."
The
good news is that more and more men, women and young people find practical and
constructive ways to improve race relations on a human scale where the problem starts.
Fr.
James Keller, the founder of The Christophers, was fond of telling the story of a
California woman who made her local community learn the power each of us has to do
something positive.
In the
early 1950s, a young black man, studying to be a teacher, had taken a part-time job as a
filling station attendant to help support his wife and himself until he got his degree.
Some of the station's customers objected to being served by a black man and told the
station owner they'd take their business elsewhere, unless the man was fired. Rather than
lose business, the owner was about to agree - until a neighbor of his heard the story and
decided to do something about it.
"How many customers do you figure to lose?" she asked the owner.
"Oh, 18, maybe 20," was the reply.
"If I get you 20 new customers, will you keep the fellow on?" the woman shot
back.
The
man thought for a moment. "You bet I will," he said finally.
Not
only did this good neighbor get 20 new customers; she actually got him five more for good
measure. More important, she made it possible for the young student to keep his job and
continue school.
The
efforts of that woman and thousands like her are no less important than any legislation in
effecting change in our racial attitudes and behaviors. They are people of tolerance,
respect and conviction who do not have to wait for anyone to tell them what to do. They
just do it.
While
many believe that race relations will remain a fragile thread in our national fabric for
decades to come, I believe that the efforts of ordinary people like you and me will make
the ultimate difference.
What
was is Jesus said? "Blessed are the peacemakers; for they shall be called children of
God: (Matthew 5:9). Jesus accepted all of the different people with whom he came into
contact. He welcomed everyone: rich and poor, sick people and sinners, prostitutes and
pagans. He did not hesitate to spend time with the Samaritans, who were considered
heretics.
In
fact, it was through the parable of the Good Samaritan told in the Gospel according to
Luke that Jesus taught to important lessons. First, when someone tried to test him, he
affirmed the two great commandments in the tradition of the Old Testament: "You shall
love the Lord your God with all your heart ... and your neighbor as yourself." Then
he explained clearly for all times that a neighbor was not only someone like you, someone
who lives next door, a neighbor was "the one who showed ... mercy."
Neighbor, it is time for each of us to "Go and do likewise."
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| Don't make a situation worse
"It's better to light one candle than curse the darkness."
Back in 1945, Fr.
James Keller, MM, the founder of The Christophers chose this Chinese proverb as the
organization's motto. He wanted it to remind people to keep the accent on the positive.
Fr. Keller was known
for his idealism, but he also had a reputation as a very practical man. I think that's why
he often advised people that, ,to matter what the circumstances, "Don't make a
situation worse."
At first glance, those
don't seem to be very hopeful or even helpful words. After all, can't we do better than
that? Can't we do something good rather than simply avoiding what's bad or wrong, or just
a mistake? I think it takes a certain amount of maturity to realize that just as people
have a great ,capacity for accomplishment, we also have the potential for failure, even
when we have the best intentions. That's just part of being a living, breathing member of
the human race.
A translation of the
ancient Hippocratic oath of of physicians includes the admonition, "First, do no .
" This is a good starting point for us, whoever we are and whatever we do. Before we
can build something up, we may first have to stop ourselves from tearing something down.
The coming of Advent
brings a wonderful reminder of someone who chose to "do no harm" and wound up
part of God's greater plan for our good.
We know the story of
the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to Mary to tell her that she ,would bear
a child who would be the Messiah, the son of God. Her wholehearted agreement, her
"Yes" to God, has resounded through history. But Joseph, too, said
"Yes," after he first said "No" to hurting his beloved betrothed,
Mary.
The Gospel of Matthew
(1:19) tells us that "Joseph, being a righteous man and unwilling to expose her to
public disgrace, planned to dismiss her quietly." The alternative could have been far
worse than disgrace. Joseph would have been within his rights if he had sanctioned Mary's
death by stoning for the sin of adultery.
The story continues after he made his
decision to keep what he saw as a terrible, painful situation from turning into a tragedy:
"But just when he had resolved to do this, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a
dream and said, 'Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife, for the
child conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. She will bear a son, and you are to name
him Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins"' (Matthew 1:20-21).
So Joseph chose God's plan for his own
and became the head of the Holy Family.
During Advent, many
people prepare for the coming of Christ by special prayers and acts of charity and
penance. Consider adding your determination to do good by first doing no harm: keep silent
when you could make a hurtful comment; listen when you would rather talk; think things
through before jumping to conclusions; pause and reflect before taking action.
You might even
restrain yourself from cursing the darkness. And then light one candle.
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| Wait
no more - take the plunge
When it comes to advice on how to find
purpose in your life and work, there is clearly no scarcity of experts just check out the
racks of self-help literature at your local bookstore.
Our experience has
been that the Bible is hard to top as a blueprint for living. And occasionally an author
does come along who has a knack for making the Scriptures accessible in instructive yet
novel ways. That is why we invited Australian writer and illustrator Andrew Matthews to be
a guest on our Christopher Closeup series. His upbeat and concise book, Follow
Your Heart, gets right to the heart of living a good life. With humor and insight,
he offers 10 common sense concepts to having a happy, meaningful existence.
One concept is that
"God is never going to come down from a cloud and say: 'You now have permission to be
successful.' You have to give yourself permission."
He goes on to explain
that an individual of faith lives by acting, not thinking about acting. Even the most
mundane experiences show us the truth of this. For example, has this ever happened to you?
You are sitting at your desk - either at home or work and you start searching for
something and cannot find it. You start rummaging through stacks of stuff: junk mail,
out-of-date brochures, insurance policies and flashlight batteries. Immersed in your task
you begin putting things where they belong, like airline ticket receipts under
"travel" and used coffee cups in the dishwasher.
Matthews visualizes
the scene: "Before you know it, you're on a roll ... erasers into the top drawer,
telephone books onto the shelf, pizza cartons into the bin. You even wipe the chocolate
caramel off the telephone." Suddenly, you have a vision: a tidy office! You feel a
surge of excitement and find yourself creating the world's cleanest workspace! You have
taken the plunge, and then you feel the energy.
We often make the
mistake of saying "When I get the energy, I'll begin jogging every morning!" No!
You start first. "When I feel more enthusiastic, I'll do my homework." Wrong!
"When I get the energy, I'll start this project." Mistake! Actually, you get the
energy and enthusiasm for the job after you begin. You get the energy as a result of your
involvement. The secret is to make a start.
I have always been
impressed by my friends in the theater community who fill the stage night after night with
fresh energy, personal presence and conviction. How do they do it?
Jane Summerhayes, a
veteran Broadway musical theater star, told me recently: "People would be surprised
to learn what drudgery it can become. You drag yourself to the theater hoping, you have
enough stamina to even put on your makeup and costume. Then you hear the overture and take
that, first step onto the stage, and suddenly you are alive. Once you've actually begun
the show, the energy supply is limitless."
some of us say,
"Give me some kind of guarantee that I won't fail. Then I'll start." Instead,
commit to do something. Prepare as best you can, and then start without all the answers
land without any guarantees. You get motivated by doing things, not by thinking about
them. Action gets you excited and action reveals opportunity.
So take the plunge.
Remember St. Peter being ,summoned by Jesus to ,come to him in the throes ,of a turbulent
sea? Peter did not really show his faith - until he took that first step .
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| Puttin
a good word for optimism
"Don't you think you are being naively
optimistic?"
The question came to
me as no surprise. I was a member of a TV panel program, one of several I have appeared on
over the last few months. And it was not the first time I was struck by how many social
commentators seem preoccupied with the "blame game" for everything that is wrong
with America.
I had just put in a
good word for those who are making a positive difference in our society and our culture.
Hence the wonder about my stance being "naively optimistic."
I generally find
myself in the minority in these discussions. Of course, there's nothing wrong with strong
cautionary views.
The mistake is
to have nothing else, especially when solid evidence suggests that we have great reason to
be hopeful.
There are countless
individuals in public and private life who have opted to be doers and not merely
complainers, people who are "for" something good and not just
"against" something bad. As a result, many issues that affect the quality of our
daily lives are being improved. Good neighbors - and good Samaritans are making a
difference in areas such as consumer protection, the environment, health care, crime,
drugs, poverty, education and more.
And while a positive
outlook may be unusual in some places, I am happy to say that on our nationally syndicated
television series, Christopher Closeup, we have many guests who recognize and celebrate
the human face of the progress we are making. One, Paul Loeb, author of Soul of a Citizen:
Living with Conviction in a Cynical Time, says that "To fail to realize the power
of our actions is to reduce the potential of our soul. it's to diminish the spark that
burns within us."
I absolutely agree. If
each one of us would only allow that spark to ignite the goodness, the courage, the
holiness within our souls, we could create the kind of nation and neighborhood we all want
to cal I home.
Wishful thinking?
Naive optimism? There are many who do that much and more. Far more.
Mark Shields, the
well-known political analyst on CNN's "The Capital Gang" and PBS's "The
News Hour with Jim Lehrer," talked with me about those people who go above and
beyond. He said, for example, That "Because of the relentless negativism, the idea
the everybody who works on the public payroll is some indifferent sullen soul, it hit me
that there are examples of just the opposite.
"For instance,
Shannon Wright, the teacher from Jonesboro, Ark., who, when some students opened fire,
used her own body to shield a little girl. And Dave Sanders in Columbine, Colo., who,
again, saved students at the cost of his own life. These are acts of enormous
heroism."
We dare not ignore the
overwhelming problems that threaten us, our homes and our communities, much less those
heartrending tragedies and mind-numbing evils that are all too real. But self-inflicted
ignorance and apathy are truly the way to cynicism and despair. On the contrary, we need
to appreciate and act on our deepest beliefs, trusting in God's eternal vision rather than
our too often, too shortsighted point-of view.
Every day, every
minute, men, women and young people are living out their faith, hope and love. We can
choose to join them. Or we can choose to be naively pessimistic.
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| Celebrities, heroes and you
Who would you describe as a hero? Who do you think
today's young people would pick?
Several recent youth
polls provide convincing evidence that there is confusion about what makes a true hero.
A World Atlas study
reports that the majority of 11 to 17-year-olds in the U.S. bestow hero status on sports
stars. rock musicians and movie actors.
Less than six percent
of the respondents named Jesus Christ as their hero.
A CNN poll shows that
while teens often list their parents as heroes, names like Leonardo DiCaprio and the Spice
Girls get equal billing.
One poll really gave me pause. It listed
Pope John Paul 11 as youth's number one hero. Number Two? Dennis Rodman, the erratic
gender-bending "bad boy" of the NBA.
These surveys
illustrate the way heroes and celebrities get lumped together. In fact, it is something
that many adults as well as young people do everyday. And when we confuse the two. we come
dangerously close to depriving ourselves of all real models.
As Daniel Boorstin
puts it: "We lose sight of the men and women who do not simply seem great because
they are famous, but are famous because they are great."
Fame and celebrity may
equate, but heroism is far more. It seems to me that whomever we call "hero" is
a person whose actions command our attention and respect.
Here is someone we
want to imitate because something she or he has done exemplifies a quality, not of
inaccessible perfection, but of human excellence.
Heroes give evidence
that the Lord has assigned to each of us a mission to fulfill, a particular job to do,
that he has given to no one else. Heroes are living examples of how God sends his love and
truth to humankind through each of us. Heroes focus our attention on the power of one
person, with God's help, to change the world for the better.
And because that
person embodies a certain standard of behavior, an authentic hero prompts us to look
inside ourselves to discover our own possibilities and talents for action. Put simply,
true heroes bring Out the best, the heroic, in each one of us,
The mere fact that you
are alive and reading these words, no matter your age or background, the state of your
health or finances, means that you too have been chosen by God to perform some work that
no other person can do. It may bring, you fame, celebrity, and even money, and it may not.
One thing is certain: authentic heroes don't worry about such things.
They simply act for
the best, whatever the personal cost, and whether or not anyone knows their name.
Nineteenth century
author Frederick Farrar observed, "To live well in the quiet routine of life, to fill
a little space because God wills it, to go on cheerfully with an inconspicuous round of
duties and little diversion, to smile for the joys of others when your heart is aching -
you who do this, you are one of God's heroes."
The quiet success of a
humble act of service done not for the eyes of our brothers or sisters, but for the eyes
of our Father in Heaven, is heroism indeed. Now if only we act like we believe that - and
teach our young people that if we- want to follow someone's example, it should be an
example worth following in the first lace.
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| Be
patient with God,
always hold on to hope
My old retreat master used to love a certain story
that he would occasionally weave into one of his sermons. And, I admit, it has become one
of my favorites, also.
it seems there was a
farmer who had a plot of land, and with a great deal of toil he cleared away the stones,
pulled all the weeds, fertilized the ground, until it produced wonderful flowers and
vegetables.
An extremely pious friend of the farmer
visited one day and observed, "It is wonderful what God can do with a bit of ground
like this, isn't it.
"Oh yes," said the farmer "but you should have
seen this ground when God had it all to himself!"
The point of the story is that God's bounty and our toil must
combine. Without God we can do nothing, and without our effort and cooperation God can do
nothing for us. It is true that the living seed comes from God, but it is equally true
that it is our task to cultivate that seed.
This is one of those unmistakable truths that so impressed St.
Mark, the evangelist of the first century, that he recorded a parable of Jesus that does
not appear in any other Gospel.
He reports Jesus as saying: "The
Kingdom of God is as if someone would scatter seed on the and would sleep and rise night
and day, and the seed would sprout and grow and he does not know how. The earth produces
of itself, first the stalk, then the head, and then the full c,rain in the head. But when
the grain is ripe, immediately he goes in with his sickle, because the harvest has
come." (Mark 4:26-29)
Notice that the farmer
does not make the seed grow: "he does not know how." Nonetheless, slowly and
unceasingly, the seed matures and ripens. The seed already has the secret of life and
growth within.
No one has ever
possessed the secret of life. No one has ever created any-. thing in the full sense of the
term. We can discover things. We can rearrange them We can develop them. But create them
that we cannot do.
Nor do we create the
Kingdom of God. Yet everyday, God fulfills his divine plan through us. Like the farmer, we
can protect it and allow it to flourish and ripen. But because God gave us free will, it
is our choice whether we frustrate and hinder his plan or cooperate with him.
Remember that behind
all things is his power and will. Whatever fears we may face 1 about having to
"fix" the world on our own are laid to rest. God's own strength is our comfort.
Eighteen centuries
ago, St. Irenaeus, considered by many the first great Christian theologian, wrote:
"It is not you who shape God. It is God who shapes you. If then, you are the work of
God, await the hand of the artist, who does all things in due season." So, be patient
with God. And always hold on to hope!
If we live in
patience' which cannot be defeated, in hope which cannot despair, we shall, by the grace
of God, always play the part in the Kingdom of God that he has given us. Like the seed,
the ability already lies within us, just awaiting its time.
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| You
can do make a difference
Denise Lugo, a Mexican-American,
was told she could never go to college because she was severely dyslexic. But she did go,
and is now director of the Latino Museum of History, Art and Culture in Los Angeles.
People were skeptical
when Julie Martines of Chicago went into the construction business. Today she is the
founder and president of a company specializing in construction equipment sales, rentals
and service.
Carmen Pacheco opened
New York's first Latina-owned law firm. Besides serving corporate clients, she is a bridge
between Wall Street and the small Hispanic business community.
None of these women
allowed somebody else's doubts to stop them from pursuing their dreams. With faith, talent
and persistence, they made those dreams come true. They created careers for themselves
that other people doubted they could ever achieve. Such accomplishments demonstrate the
truth of the Christopher motto: "It is better to light one candle than to curse the
darkness."
Sometimes we light
candies for ourselves and those close to us. Sometimes we have the chance to light the way
for people we may never meet and for future generations. And if you think age has anything
to do with it, consider these two "candle lighters."
103-year-old Marjory
Stoneman Douglas may be best known for writing the classic book, The Everglades: River
of Grass. Starting in the 1940s and for decades after, Douglas took on special
interest groups that had allowed the destruction of this magnificent habitat. Though she
faced opposition, she managed to stop the construction of an airport that would have
severely damaged the Everglades. In 1993, she was awarded the nation's Medal of Freedom
for her work in saving the land she loved.
Then there is Craig Kielberger. A few
years ago, when he was only 12, the young Canadian opened the daily paper and an article
about a boy his own age caught his eye. It was the story of a Pakistani child who was
assassinated because of his efforts to reveal the horrors of child labor in his country.
With a small band of his friends, Craig formed Free The Children, his own human rights
organization that has gained international media attention and influenced government
policy. Craig has empowered young people to speak up for other young people throughout the
globe thousands of girls and boys who are making children's rights their cause.
Our world is a better place because of
these people. Every struggle to light a candle at first seems overwhelming and impossible.
People who campaigned to end the slave trade met enormous opposition and were told they
could never succeed. Women who called for the right to vote were mocked. People with
disabilities were told that access to transportation, jobs and everyday activities was
impossible.
People who are bold enough to believe
they can make a difference have always made this world that much better. And so it is with
you. Refuse to give up when others insist "It's not possible. You are being
unrealistic. It is too complicated. There will always be injustice. Give up!" Take
courage and follow your heart. You can not only change your own life, you can change the
world.
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| Love Your Enemy! How?
On
Dec. 18, 1865, eight: months after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, the United States
Congress, ratified the 13th Amendment to the Constitution which prohibited slavery. Yet in
the decades that followed, racial prejudice and violence already ingrained within the
American culture continued unrelentingly. It took another set of leaders armed with a
different strategy to combat racial injustice: the philosophy of nonviolence, or passive
resistance.
In 1950s America a cadre of
black women and men used their intelligence, their will and their dignity to resist racism
not with their fists, but with their feet. Among them was John Lewis, the current c o n g
r e s s m a n from Atlanta, Ga. If you remember the Freedom Rides, the March on
Washington, the walk across the Edmund Pettus Bridge or other critical moments when the
struggle for civil rights finally penetrated the national psyche John Lewis was there. I
recently sat with Congressman Lewis on the set of "Christopher Closeup" to
discuss his eloquent and inspiring memoir, "Walking with the Wind." Any
interview: with Lewis has to answer, one fundamental question: How'? How, all through the
flagrant abuse, and unwarranted suffering inflicted on him and those with him, did Lewis
refuse to acquiesce to hatred and violence? His answer: "There is something in the
very essence of unearned suffering that is liberating, cleansing, redemptive. Any one of
us who suffers for what is right can redeem the perpetrator as well as the victim."
Lewis explains, "Suffering can be nothing more than a sad and sorry
thing without the presence on the part of the sufferer of a graceful heart, an accepting
and open heart, a heart that holds no malice toward the inflictors of his or her
suffering.
This is a difficult concept
to understand, and it is even more difficult to internalize, but it has everything to do
with the way of nonviolence. We are talking about love here."
For Lewis, love accepts and
embraces the hateful and the hurtful. When faced with an angry assailant, he often
visualized him as an infant, as a baby. "If you can see this full-grown attacker as
the innocent child that he or she once was - that we all once were - it is not hard to
find compassion in your heart. Your attacker is as much a victim as you are, the victim of
the forces that have shaped and fed his anger and fury."
When you truly
understand and feel this kind of love, even in the face of physical pain, says the
longtime activist, then you are well on the way to a nonviolent life. He reminds that Dr.
Martin Luther King would often say that we must love the unlovable, love the hell out of
them; if there is meanness and anger and hatred in someone, love it out!
John Lewis winced at my
suggestion that he performed and continues to perform a heroic role in American social and
political life. Indeed, in, my book, he is an authentic hero.
One of the great proponents
of nonviolence, Mohandas Gandhi, said that "suffering is the badge of the human race,
not the sword." No one get through life without pain. Yet some, forced to endure' the
hatred and violence of others, are able not only to learn peace, but also to reach it.
These are the heroes and the peacemakers. And, we are so blessed that they call us
brothers and sisters.
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| All must speak up, get involved
to work for world's common good
So much had gone.Wrong. 378
years ago this month, the Mayflower floundered across the Atlantic and landed at Cape Cod
rather than Virginia. Disgruntled and exhausted several pilgrims threatened to break away
from the expedition and create their own rule.
Huddled together in the ship's main cabin, the passengers hammered out the Mayflower
Compact. Neither a constitution nor a declaration of independence, it was simply a social
contract to work together "for the general good" - but it became the seed of
popular governments in America. Three hundred twenty eight years
later, the members of the United Nations clustered together in the
aftermath of the Second World War to adopt a Universal Declaration of Human rights. Since
1948 it has become the singular international document through which people from radically
diverse political and cultural backgrounds could focus attention on the interdependence
and dignity of today's pilgrims on this planet Earth.
Like the Mayflower Compact, the
United Nation's initiative is not legally binding. Its successor depends on
individuals who recognize that they, must not leave to governments or institutions what
they themselves can do in their daily lives.
In adopting the declaration, nations pledged
to seek universal respect for the full body of human rights and accepted the primary
responsibility to do so. Like those who disembarked from that ship in Provincetown harbor,
they did not have a clue how they were going-to enforce it. They had and continue to have
only the "living" contract of their own personal commitment.
One such pilgrim is Nelson
Mandela, who recently addressed the UN General Assembly for the last time as South
Africa's resident. South Africa's apartheid system was for years one of the world's most
destructive affronts to human rights. Mandela, underscoring the hope he drew from
the UN declaration during that time, said: "History and the billions throughout
the world proclaim that it was right hat we dreamed and that e toiled to give life
to a workable dream."
The 50th anniversary of e UN
declaration emphases the meaning and relevance this "workable dream" has for
each of us". in our daily lives. Eleanor Roosevelt, who helped shape the final draft,
asked: "Where, after all, do universal human rights begin? In small places, close to
home - so close and so small that they cannot be seen on any maps of the world.
"Yet they are the world
of the individual person; the neighborhood he lives in, the school or collage he attends,
the factory, farm or office where he works. Such are the places where every
man, woman and child seeks justice, equal opportunities, equal dignity without
discrimination, Unless these rights have meaning there, they have little meaning
anywhere. Without concerned citizen action to uphold them close to home, we shall look in
vain for progress in the larger world."
Like
those early pilgrims John Alden, Priscilla' Mullens and Miles Standish, and their
20th century counterparts, each of us has the responsibility to speak up, to get involved,
to work for the general good.
From
the Mayflower Compact to the Universal UN declaration, the world's hope for a better
future continues to depend upon those men and women willing to move from words to deeds.
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| Sin of omission
Let me tell you
about three women I know. Each carries a burden and each could use some relief.
The first woman is
Ginny. She's in her mid-50s and recently divorced. Her husband of thirty years decided
that younger women were more fun, so he took off with one. Ginny didn't see it coming. She
had thought that they had a decent marriage. She expected to grow old with her husband.
Ginny was and is devastated by the reality that "forever' isn't that for her wayward
husband. There are, of course, many side effects of divorce. The heart of the faithful
partner is sliced and diced. But one result Ginny had never anticipated was the loss of
her married friends. In the beginning, the many couples with whom she'd been neighbors and
friends were there for her. They thought her husband a cad and expressed their sympathy.
But within months, they ,just stopped calling. That's not an uncommon experience.
Something in the newly acquired "single" state seems to bother these old
friends. And Ginny's children have their own newly married lives. So Ginny now finds
herself very much alone.
Then
there's Martha. She too had expectations about love and marriage. She and her husband
deeply loved each other. Blessed with three small children. they made the perfect family,
until one day, serious illness hit. Her beloved husband had developed inoperable cancer.
Martha rose to the challenge. No day went by when he didn't feel her unconditional love,
dedication and support. This was clearly not what Martha had expected out of marriage, but she went the distance, living
fully the promise to love and honor "in sickness and in health." Finally, her
husband died. People, over a thousand, came for the wake and funeral. They were moved with
pity and compassion for Martha's loss. Throughout the first month after her husband's
death, Martha never wanted for love and friendship. But now, eight months later, few calls
and fewer visit. People
have moved on with their lives. Some explain that her grief is "too much" for
them to handle. Martha love,-; and cares for her children, but Martha feels the absence of
adult company acutely.
Stacy is different
from the others, but somehow the same. She is just a difficult woman to be around. Her
tone is grating, her sense of timing almost always off. She
tells the same stories again and again. And what she considers funny, others don't. Stacy
is.like somebody we all know: /difficult, a little boring and not a person you'd choose to
hang out with. As one old acquaintance put it: "being with Stacy is always
work." As a consequence, Stacy is usually alone. When she doesn't cook for herself at
home, you'll find her at the local diner, sitting alone, with a look of expectation,
hoping that someone will stop to talk. Few do.
All three of these women remind me of the Gospel story of the
Good Samaritan. I don't think that the lawyer and the priest in that story were bad
people, but at the sight of a recently mugged man who needed their time and effort, they
didn't want to get involved. They probably figured that someone else would stop. Someone
did. The Good Samaritan is the fellow who makes time for others. And I think that he's
needed now more than ever. Certainly, Ginny could use the friendship. Martha would give
anything to have a cup of coffee with such a person. Stacy would be delighted to look up
from her comer in the diner and see eyes that looked back instead of away. A Samaritan
would be welcome to so many..
Here's the thing: you could
be that Samaritan, the person who stops, listens and cares - the one who doesn't commit a
sin of omission. Give it a try. This week, find just one person who needs a touch of
compassion. Say, "How are you?" and mean it. Then listen. You'll have become the
Good Samaritan, the one who cares enough to spend some of the precious time God has given
you to heal another's heart.
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| Cassie Bernall - unlikely martyr
By Fr. Ronald
Rolheiser, OMI
One of the students who died in the massacre at Columbine High
School in Littleton, Colo., was a 17-year-old girl named Cassie Bernall.
Soon afterward a story
began to circulate about her death. Several classmates who had been in the room with her
when she was shot said she was visibly praying when the gunmen entered. The gunmen asked
her whether or not she believed in God. Then, here's how one of the students described
what happened: "She paused, like she didn't know what she was going to answer, and
then she said yes. She must have been scared, but her voice didn't sound shaky. It was
strong. Then they asked her why, though they didn't give her a chance to respond. They
just blew her away."
But that story was
soon disputed. One story claimed that this never happened; another said that it did
happen, but not to Cassie; and another claimed that she did give some kind of witness to
her killers, but not exactly in the manner just described. To set the record straight and
to try to come to grips with her daughter's death, Cassie's mother, Misty Bernall, wrote a
book, entitled, She Said Yes
The
Unlikely Martyrdom of Cassie Bernall.
The book met mixed reviews. Sections of the secular press
considered the story of Cassie's faith testimony before her killers as pious fabrication,
made up by members of her faith community to help them deal with her death. Certain
sectors of the religious press rushed to canonize her as a martyr. What's the truth?
There's an axiom that says that at the moment we die, history
stops and myth begins. That's true for everyone, not just Cassie Bernall. Death washes our
lives clean and lets others see us in a clearer light, one which highlights more what is
best in us. But this doesn't change the facts; it merely highlights their essence. Myth is
not "Alice in Wonderland" fantasy; it's a painting, an essence under a
spotlight.
Misty Bernall's story
of her daughter, Cassie, is this - an essence under a spotlight. She doesn't sugarcoat her
daughter to make her angelic, but shows us a confused, lonely, insecure, often alienated
and sometimes bitter young woman. On the other hand, she doesn't overdo the negative parts
either, so as to make her conversion some miraculous rebirth and her faith's credibility
dependent upon its distance from a former degradation. She paints a picture of a teen-age
girl with a good heart and a talent for bad luck. Insecure about her appearance, socially
mostly on the outside, falls in, for a time, with a very bad crowd and this feeds
her bitterness and alienation almost to the point of rage and insanity. Eventually
she pulls herself out of this, not overnight and not miraculously, but through a
combination of being loved, finding faith , and being (underneath it all) a pretty
exceptional person.
And that she was! Cassie Bernall was an exceptional soul and her
story speaks of something more important than her technical martyrdom. More important than
her affirmative answer to her killers' question was her struggle and eventual victory over
some of the worst forces of darkness that exist on the planet - loneliness and rejection.
She said yes to God and to love on the day of her death because she had already, after a
monumental struggle, said that yes in the months and weeks before.
There's a powerful
irony in her story that shouldn't be missed. The two
young students who killed her had cause for their bitterness. They were unpopular
outcasts, lonely rejects, considered "losers" by their peers. This experience
drove them to an anger and hatred so deep that it eventually led to mass murder and
suicide. Cassie Bernall, by her own description of herself, wasn't much different
She was also an outsider, lonely, "a louser without a date for the prom.,". And
indeed, at a point, she was strongly tempted to the same kind of anger, hatred, and
bitterness as her killers.
Yet, how different her
life ended from theirs. Her killers died angry, hysterical, mad with rage. She died,
not unlike Jesus, praying, refusing bitterness, loving, even as she could taste the exact
same loneliness as her killers. It's interesting that in describing the death of Jesus the
Gospels don't emphasize his physical sufferings, which must have been horrific. but
instead focus on his loneliness, his rejection, his being the outcast,
unanimity-minus-one.
Both Cassie Bernall
and her killers knew the taste of being unanimity-minus-one and the temtation to
bitterness that this brings. But in Cassie's case the good won out She died in a fashion
remarkably similar to Jesus. She may or may not be a martyr in the technical sense. It
doesn't matters. Like Jesus, she died refusing bitterness in the midst of rejection. Not
bad for a 17-year-old! Not bad for anyone for t hat matter!
Martyr or not, Cassie
Bernall is a patron, a saint, someone who, like Jesus, shows us the path beyond
bitterness.
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| Struggling
With Possessiveness
By Fr. Ronald Rolheiser, OMI
The award-winning Broadway play, "Children of a Lesser God, " tells an interesting story of how love cart go wrong, even when it seems
like it's ,,going right.
The story focuses on a
spirited young woman who is deaf., Intelligent, sensitive, and wounded, she resists. most
attempts to'help her, until one day ~a gifted teacher, a man her own age, enters her life.
Vor a while she resists both his love and his efforts Ito help her, but eventually
trust grows in her and ,she opens up to him. They fall in love and, for a while, things
are wonderful and he helps open her 'to the world.
But then the story
takes a curious turn. At a point, a huge tension begins to grow between them. She feels
guilty about it, sensing she should be grateful, even as resentment and anger continue to
grow in her. For his part, he can't help feeling angry because he feels himself being pushed
away after all he has done for her. The tension eventually produces a storm, a big one,
lots of anger, lots of shouting, lots of recrimination, and a calm afterward.
In
that calm, she, still feeling guilty, Apologizes and tells him she feels bad because he
has been such a great teacher and she owes so much to him. But the storm has taught him
its lesson. He now knows the reason for her resentment. In essence, he puts it this way:
"I've been a good teacher and have loved you, up to a point, but now I realize what I
was really doing. In effect, I was saying this to you: 'Grow, but not so much
that you don't need me anymore. Understand yourself, but not better than I understand
you., Be free, but not of my expectations for you.' I offered you my love and help ... as long as I could
dictate how you use them."
Perhaps the deepest
struggle we have (psychologically, morally, and spiritually) is with possessiveness and
what that triggers in us: restlessness, jealousy, greed, and manipulation. Something
inside our very DNA makes us want to possess whatever !is beautiful and to have
exclusively for ourselves whatever we love. It's no accident that there are two
'commandments against jealousy. From a toddler's tantrum over his mot4er's inattention to
the sexual jealousy so -universal in adulthood, we see that it's hard to look at what
attracts us and respond only with gratitude and admiration. For this reason, when we
should be feeling wonderful, we often feel unsettled, restless, obsessed, and jealous in
the face of beauty and love. Etty Hillesum gives us an honest expression of this in her
insightful memoir, "An Interrupted Life ":
"And here I have
hit upon something essential. Whenever I saw a beautiful flower, what I longed to do with
it was press it to my heart, or e9t it all up. It was more difficult with a piece of
beautiful scenery, but the feeling was the same. I was too sensual, I might almost write
too greedy. I yearned physically, for all I thought was beautiful, wanted to own it. Hence
the painful longing that could never be satisfied, the pining for something I thought
unattainable, which I called my creative urge. I believe it was this powerful emotion that
made me think that I was born to produce great works.
"It all suddenly changed, God alone knows by what inner process,
but it is different now. I realized it only this morning, when I recalled my short walk
round the Skating Club a few nights ago. It was dusk, soft hues in the sky, mysterious
silhouettes of houses, trees alive with the light through the tracery of their branches,
in short, enchanting. And then I knew precisely how I had felt in the past. Then all the beauty
would have gone like a stab to my heart and I would not have known what to do with the
pain. Then I would have felt the need to write, to compose verses, but the words would
still have refused to come. I would have felt utterly miserable, wallowed in the pain and
exhausted myself as a result. The experience would have sapped all my energy.... but its
beauty now filled me with joy.'... I no longer wanted to own it. I went home
invigorated."
What do we do with our
possessiveness?, Good spirituality and good psychology agree that the answer lies in ek
healthy maturity that can admire without seeking to own and love without seeking to
manipulate. But that's easier said than done. We don't change our deepest instincts (John
of the Cross calls them "our metaphysics") simply by willing away
possessiveness.
What's the answer? A
lifelong walk toward a very difficult maturity Overcoming our incurable instinct to
possess is one of the final hurdles in life. When we're no longer prone to jealousy, we're
saints.
In the meantime, it
can be helpful to name this. A symptom suffers less when it knows where it belongs.
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